Structure of the Nervous System
Week 2/Chapter 2: Structure of the Nervous System
The hot-linked text below will take you to the relevant section of the GetBodySmart tutorial.
The nervous system is made of TWO types of cells (NOT discussed in the textbook)
- neurons - actively communicate by synaptic connections (electro-chemical process)
- glial cells - support cells, protect and increase speed of communication (myelin sheath)
- 110,000,000,000 neurons and about 50x that number of neuroglia
Traditional 3 parts of the Nervous System:
CNS = central nervous system
- brain - the central processing unit
- spinal cord - pathways going up and down, as well as reflexes ('u-turns', 2 neuron reflex)
- carries information from receptors in the body to the spinal and then UP to brain
- carries information coming DOWN spinal cord to effectors in the body (muscles, glands)
- specialized cranial nerves (12 total) enter or exit holes in the cranium, not the spinal cord
ANS = autonomic n.s.; made up portions of both CNS & PNS, 'automated' control of body:
- Sympathetic branch: activation/arousal, flight or flight response, emotion
- Parasympathetic branch: recuperation, relaxation, rejuvination
Major Divisions of the adult brain - tutorial goes top-down...
Each division is made up of a number of specific neuroanatomical structures.
Beumont presents the divisions bottom-up... lower functions first.
- brainstem - basic body functions (medulla oblonglata, pons, midbrain)
- cerebellum - motor coordination & motor learning, posture
- diencephalon - subcortical forebrain - emotion, motivation, awareness (thalamus, etc.)
- telencephalon - 'forebrain' - cerebrum - cerebral cortex - outer layer, newest, cognition
- CORTEX will be described in greater detail as we address the lobes in the coming weeks
- Right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum/telencephalon
- Four lobes and their boundaries
- White matter and gray matter
- Primary or secondary cortex
- "Decussation", contra-lateral representation, or cross-over
- Primary
posted by Dr. Xeno @ 10:40 PM
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